{"product_id":"9789400795952","title":"People, Population Change and Policies","description":"European countries, including the DIALOG countries, have faced a major de- graphic change and transition in the last thirty years. They are experiencing lo- term downward trends in fertility, leading to demographic ageing. Fertility rates are now below replacement level in nearly all countries. As a result, natural p- ulation growth rates are starting to decline, or population sizes are falling o- right. At the same time, the proportion of elderly dependants continues to grow while the working-age population declines in absolute and relative terms (see Kontula and Miettinen 2005). Moreover, net immigration, which potentially could offset declines in working-age population, remains generally low in most European countries (Grant et al. 2004). There are a great number of societal problems that arise from this demographic transition. The International Monetary Fund (2004) argues that the impact of - coming demographic changes on economical growth could be substantial. The h- toric association between demographicand macro-economicvariablessuggests that the projected increase in elderly dependency ratios and the projected decline in the share of the working-age population could result in slower per capita GDP growth, and lower saving and investment (IMF 2004, 147). For example, the estimates s- gest that demographic change could reduce annual real per capita GDP growth in 1 1 advanced countries by an average of \/ % point by 2050, i. e. , growth would be \/ % 2 2 point lower than if the demographic structure had remained the same as in 2000 (IMF 2004, 147).\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Year: \u003c\/strong\u003e2008\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImprint: \u003c\/strong\u003eSpringer Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eFormat: P\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eWeight (Gram): 551\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Charlotte Höhn","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41255683784882,"sku":"9789400795952","price":3762163.02,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0502\/5382\/4178\/products\/9400795955.01_SCLZZZZZZZ.jpg?v=1635861130","url":"https:\/\/readabook.store\/en-id\/products\/9789400795952","provider":"READABOOK BY ALKEM","version":"1.0","type":"link"}